UNIVERSAL ADVANCE I SCIENCE IN THE 20TH CENTURY

In 20th century, technology developed rapidly, communication technology, broad teaching and implementaion if scientific method and increase research spending all contributed to the advancement of modern science and technology.

CONTRIBUTORS:

Pierre Duhem

• hydrodynamics
• thermodynamics

Rudolf Carnap

• logic
• analysis
• theory of probability

Karl Popper

• Falsifiability- logical possibility tha assertion could be show false.
• scientific method

Thomas Kuhn

• paradigm shifs

Werner Heisenberg

• quantum mechanics

20TH CENTURU TIMELINE

1900

• zeppeline by homas Suillan
• neon light by George claude
• E=mc2 by Einstein
• radio

1910

• crossword puzzle by Wyne
• pop-up toaster by strite
• gas mask by Morgan

1920

• robot
• penicilin by Fleming

1930

• stop-action Photography
• frozen foo
• electron Microscope

1940

• jep
• microwave

1950

• video tape recorder
• television

1960

• audio casset
• spacewar

1970

• floppy disk
• microrocessor

1980

• mobile phone by Dr. Martin Looper
• computer byCharles Babage
• windows
• disposble camera

1990

• world wide web by Time Lee
• java

WHY SCIENCE BOOMED DURING RENAISSANCE PERIOD?

Before the Renassance Period is the Science in Latin West During Medieval Age wherein the black death occured that led to the progression of science being limited and barred, but the Science During Renaissance simply described as the rebirth was came, and it led to the mass production of inventions and discoveries in science because people in this period became free from black death which was one of deadliest pandemic disease in human caused by bacterium and they were able to thought things that may contribute to science and these were happened so that we can proposed that Renaissance Period was the period of progress in science.

SCIENCE IN LATIN WEST DURING MEDIEVAL AGE

EUROPEAN COUNTRY

Early Medieval Age

• migration or barbarian invasion
• deurbanization
• study of nature was pursued more, for practical reason than abstract inquiry
• Educational Reform - 7 Liberal Arts: rhetoric, grammar, dialectic, arithmetic, geometric, music, astronomy

High Medieval Age

• birth of medieval universities
• rediscovery of the works of Aristotle
• Latin translation of the main works of ancient philosophers and thinkers
• Grosseteste (Oxford Franciscan School), Aristotle's dual path of reasoning from particular observation to universal law.
• Bacon- observation, hypothesis, experimental and verification

Late Medieval Age

• William Of Occam (Principle Of Parsimony)
• Jean Buridan (most brilliant art master of MA), theory of Impetus
• Thomas Bradwardine- distingished dynamics to kinematics, instantaneous velocity, mean speed theorem.
• Nicole Oresme- published the heliocentric theory, optics
• Black death(mid 14th century)
• Catholic Church disintegration (Papacy)

THE NAME MILKY WAY

Where does the name "MILKY WAY" came from? I had research the two reasons first, "The Milky Way" is a translation of the Latin Via Lactea, which in turn is derived from Greek (Galaxias) sometimes referred to simply as "the Galaxy", the second reason is "The Ganga of the sky", is the ancient Hindu name for the galaxy as viewed from the Earth, this was called " Akash Ganga ", it is the Hindi name for Milky way.

On the other hand there is said that the Ancient Greek astronomers thought that the Milky Way looked like a river of milk running through the sky, and that's where both "Milky Way" and "Galaxy" come from. Galaxy comes from the Greek word for milk.

In Greek Story the goddesses Athena and Hera (goddesses of wisdom and married life) were out for a walk and came across what seemed to be an abandoned infant. Actually, it was the just-born Herakles [Hercules in Latin], whose mother Hera hated. Athena had planted the child there."Oh, the poor thing!" said Athena. "Come, Hera, give it your breast!" For Hera, being the Great Mother, was constantly in milk even though she herself was seldom pregnant. Anyway, she did so, and Herakles sucked her nipple so powerfully that she yelped with pain and pulled him away. When she did so a spurt of her milk flew into the sky and that's what caused the Milky Way.

MAJOR IMPACT

Francis Bacon who proposed the scientific method is the one that I think made a major impact to science and technology. It is simply because scientific method is accurate when applying to scientific problem and other problem that requires definite answer its accuracy was been proven in early science up to this modern science by numerous discoveries and inventionsthat were very helful and useful. We cannot deny its purposiveness and the truth that through this scientist and his discovered scientific method, Science became productive and proved systematic findings.

SCIENCE IN THE 19TH CENTURY

19th century- appears as a golden age.

Science expanded successfully into new fields of inquiry, combination of math and experiment in physics, application of theory to experiment in chemistry and controlled experimentation in biology.

BREAKTHROUGH IN:

• iron and steel technology
• electricity
• weapons
• physics and chemistry
• sociology, psychology and biology

Dalton- English schoolmaster. he proposed that atoms were the smallest indistructible parts of matter.

Mendelev- he began to developed the table of elements which helped in the discovery of new elements.

RADIUM

• Pierre and Marie Curie announced the discovery of the element radium
• radium is easily separated
• existence of the second element, demonstrated by its radioactive properties.

PSYCHOLOGY

• Sigmund Freud looked for explanation for individual human behavior beyond the National level

BIOLOGY

• Charles Darwin developed the Hitory of Evolution

DIFFERENCES IN STYLE OF RESEARCH

Progress in PHYSICS

1. Hans Christian Oersted- electic current produces a magnetic field
2. Michael Faraday- reverse effect
3. Joseph Henry- built the 1st powerful electromagnets and invented the electric motor
4. James Prescott Joule- 1st law of thermodynamics
5. Wilhelm Roentgen- x-ray
6. Marie Curie- gave the name radioactive, she and her husband Pierre Curi went on to discover polonium and radium

Progress in CHEMISTRY

1. Friedrich Wohler- prepared urea in a test tube from inorganic starting materials
2. Baron Justus Von liebig- chemical fertilizers
3. Dmitri Mendeleev- systematic and periodic arrangement

Progress in ASTRONOMY

1. Sir William Herchel- uranus did notb t precisely mve in its expected orbit
2. Urban J.J. Everrier- neptune

Progress in BIOLOGY

1. Karl Ernst Von Baer- embryology
2. Charles Darwin- Origin of Speies
3. Gregor Mendel- Pattern of inheritance of characteristic from one generation of sweet peas to other.

Progress in MEDICINE

1. William Morton- anesthetics
2. Louis Pasteur- methods of immunizing people
3. Joseph Lister- antiseptic surgery
4. Walter Reed- yellow fever is caused by a virus carried by a mosquito.

SCIENCE DURING RENAISSANCE PERIOD

ESTABLISHMENTS OF ACADEMIES

1. Academia dei Lincei in Rome (1603-1630)
2. Academia del Cimiento in Florante (1657-1667)

BOOKS AND JOURNALS

1. Journal Des Savants of Paris (1665)
2. Aeta Eruditorium of Leipzig (1682)

GREAT TREATISES

1. Principia Mathematica of Sir Isaac Newton (1687)
2. Trait de La Lumieres of Christian Huygens (1690)

REMARKABLE SCIENTIST

• Johan Gutenburg- printing press
• German Cardinal Nickolas of Cusa- exponent of the value of experiment
• Niccolas Copernicus- heliocentric theory
• Leonardo Da Vinci- greatest Artist of his time
• Andres Vesalius- founder of Modern Human Anatomy

NEW STATUS OF GREEK SCIENCE

• Simon Stevinus- decimal fraction
• Johannes kypler- theorized about the movement of planet
• Rene Descartes- inventor of graph who delivered the existence of GOD
• Paracelsus- alchemist
• Francis Bacon- improvised scientific method
• Isaac newton- discovered the gravity