CONCEPT OF SCIENCE

EARLY CIVILIZATION

• Merit Ptah- earliest woman named in the history of science
• Aglaonike- predicted the eclipse
• Mery the Jewess- invented several chemical instrument
• Alexandria- wrote text on geometry

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

• Margaret Cavendsh- aristocratic woman
• Mana Winklemann- discovery of comet

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

• Emilie Au Chatelet- translated Newton's principle
• Caroline Herchel- discovered 8 comets
• Ellen Richards- called "te christening of New Science"

NINETEENTH CENTURY

• Mary Firefox Somrville- experiment in magnetism
• Lady Lovalace- credited of writing in computer program.

PROGRESS IN GEOLOGY IN 20TH CENTURY

Alfred Wegener- theory of continental drift
Roert S. Dietz and Harry S. Hess- proposed the hypothesis of seafloor spreading
S.K. Runcorn- suggested the concept of paleomagnet
Gene Shoemaker- took the study of the moon awy from lunar

EARTH COMPOSED OF:

• Crust
• Mantle
• Core

PROGRESS IN MEDICINE IN 21ST CENTURY

Medicine- diagnosing, treating or preventing disease and damage to body

LIST OF MEDICAL ADVANCES:

1. HPV vaccine
2. Robot doing Surgeries
3. Face transplant Surgeries
4. MRI and rTMS
5. New drugs for treating Cancer
6. Stem Cell Research
7. I.T. amonf Doctors and Patients
8. Human Genome Dicoveries
9. Radio active Isotopes

EXAMPLES OF MEDICAL ISOTOPES APPLICATION:

• branchy theraphy for breast cancer
• microsphere for liver cancer
• single photon emission for alzheimer's disease

PROGRESS IN BIOLOGY IN 20TH CENTURY

1900-1910-power of experimentation was demonstrated
1928- antibacterial agent was discovered
Gregor Mendel- proposed the Law of heredity
X-ray crystallography- method of determining the arrangement of an atom within the crystal

DISCOVERIES:

>Structure and Function of DNA

>Structure and Function of Protein

example:

• insulin
• hemoglobin
• antibodies

>Discovery of the Essential Nutrients

1. carbohydrates
2. protein
3. fat (fat soluble vit. and water solube vit.)
4. vitamins
5. minerals
6. water

PROGRESS IN CHEMISTRY

Chemistry- science of the nature of matter and its transformation it is also the science of matter that deals with the composition, structure, and properties of substances and the transformation that they undergo.

BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY:

1. Organic Chem.
2. Inorganic chemistry
3. biochemical
4. electrochemistry
5. geochemistry
6. anaytical chemistry

DISCOVERIES:

• fire- chemical reaction which first used in chemistry manner.
• metallurgy- methods of purifying metals, (gols, alloy, and alchemy)
• atomism
• periodic table
• scientific method

PROGRESS IN ASTRONOMY

The 20th century has been a remarkable perid astronomers with no signs that they have stopped fascinating new discoveries .

ASTRONOMERS

1. Henry noriss Russel- thought that all stars are going trough life cycle of birth.
2. Harlow Shapley-used variable stars as a yardsticks
3. Edwin Powell Huble- showed the same nebulars faint cloudy spot
4. Hans Bethe- proposed the existence of series of nuclear reaction

Radio astronomy- new field of science

radio signals- received from distant stars

radio waves- type of electromagnetic reaction

spectroscope- revealed the nature of gasses existing in the sun.

UNIVERSAL ADVANCE I SCIENCE IN THE 20TH CENTURY

In 20th century, technology developed rapidly, communication technology, broad teaching and implementaion if scientific method and increase research spending all contributed to the advancement of modern science and technology.

CONTRIBUTORS:

Pierre Duhem

• hydrodynamics
• thermodynamics

Rudolf Carnap

• logic
• analysis
• theory of probability

Karl Popper

• Falsifiability- logical possibility tha assertion could be show false.
• scientific method

Thomas Kuhn

• paradigm shifs

Werner Heisenberg

• quantum mechanics

20TH CENTURU TIMELINE

1900

• zeppeline by homas Suillan
• neon light by George claude
• E=mc2 by Einstein
• radio

1910

• crossword puzzle by Wyne
• pop-up toaster by strite
• gas mask by Morgan

1920

• robot
• penicilin by Fleming

1930

• stop-action Photography
• frozen foo
• electron Microscope

1940

• jep
• microwave

1950

• video tape recorder
• television

1960

• audio casset
• spacewar

1970

• floppy disk
• microrocessor

1980

• mobile phone by Dr. Martin Looper
• computer byCharles Babage
• windows
• disposble camera

1990

• world wide web by Time Lee
• java