ASTRONOMY, SCIENCE IN GREEK ROMAN CIVILIZATION, STONE AGE TECHNOLOGY

ASTRONOMY- it is the sudy of celestial body or objects, such as: stars, planets, comets, and galaxies and its phenomena. it is derived from the greek word 'astron'- stars, 'nomos'- law.

During the 20th century, astronrmy split into two major categories:

1. OBSEVATIONAL ASTRONOMY- focused in aquiring data from observation w/c then analized by the aids of basic priciples of physics.
2. THEORETICAL ASTRONOMY- oriented towards the development computer or analytical models to described astronomical object and phenomena.

Contributions of Early Civilization

• BABYLONIANS- beginning of mathematical and scientific astronomy, discovered the luar eclipse.
• GREEKS 3RD B.C.- ARISTARCUS, calculated the mass of the earth and measures the distance and size of the moon and star. HIPPARCHIUS, invented the 1st astronomical device such as 'astrolabe'. ANTIKETHERA Mechanism, an early analog computer designed to calculate the location of moon,earth, and sun.
• PERSIANS- AZOPHI, discovered the andromeda galaxy and described in his "book of fixed stas".
• EGYPTIANS- ALI IBN RIDWAN, 1st observed the super nova 100G, the brightest apparent magnitude stellar event recorded in the history.

Solar System Individuals

1. inner Planets
2. Asteroid Pelks
3. Outer Planets

• stellar astronomy, study of stars and its formation
• extra galactic astronomy, study of object outside the galaxy
• ga;metric astronomy, study of galaxies

Organizational and Distribution of Galaxies

1. Elliptical Galaxy, cross-sectonal
2. spiral galaxy, flat rotating galaxy
3. Irregular gakax, chaotic appearance

SCIENCE IN GREEK AND ROMAN CIVILIZATION

-GREEK CIVILIZATION, emerged around 1100 B.C.

-EARL GREEKS have been fully developed basic elements of mathematics, astronomy, physics, and medicine.

Persons who give contributons to the development of Science

• Thales- matter was composed of convertible into water
• Hippocrates- father of medicine
• Aristotle- classification of plants and animals
• Phythagoras- phythagorean Theorem
• Archimedes- principles of lever and pulley
• Ptolemy- geocentric theory

-ROMAN CIVILIZATION, time of Julius ceasar. it is said that Roman are poor in Science but contributed alot in the field of infrastracture.

-ROMANS that contribution in the field of Science

• Pliny The Elder, only roman scientist that is celebrated
• Galen, wrote 150 books of medicine
• Cleopatra, roman queen who uses cosmetics

STONE AGE TECHNOLOGY

Earliest Communities

• live alost entirely in small nomadic communities
• surviving on his skills in hunting and fishing
• developed in tropical latitudes, especially in africa
• moved out thence into the subtroical regions and eventually into the landmass of eurasid

Neolitic revolution

• increased in popultion
• bigger communities
• beginnings of town life
• sometomes called as neolitic.

-Primitive man used wood, bone, fur, leaves, grasses

-Stone, material that gives its name and technological unity, became tools when they were shaped it.

-Flint, became a very popular stone for this prpose, although fine sandstones and certain volcanic rocks.

-Fire, most important contribution of pre historis to power technology.

1. Tools and Weapons: stone headed spear, harpoon, bow and arrow
2. Other Devices Invented: potter's wheel, wheel, drill and latthe
3. Food Production: Paleolithic- gathering, fishing and hunting. Neolithic- agriculture, animal husbandry
4. BuildingProduction: 1)impresive structures where created 2)primarily tombs 3)burial mouds and religious edifices 4)sun-dried bricks for domestic housing
5. Manufacturing: griding corn, baking clay, spinning and weavening textiles, dyeing, dosmetication, dugout and birch-bark.